Background & Aim: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common metabolic condition. This disease is not diagnosed in approximately 1/2 of the patients actually suffering from the disease. In addition, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is more than in patients with periodontitis when compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Thus, a high number of patients with periodontitis may have undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL and SULCULAR BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL and BLOOD from gingival tissues during routine periodontal examination used form gingival tissues during routine periodontal examination used for determining GLUCOSE LEVEL.Methods & Subjects: Thirty non-diabetic and 30 diabetic patients with moderate or severe periodontitis were included and subjected to routine clinical periodontal examination. BLOOD oozing from gingival tissues of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing was collected with the stick of GLUCOSE self monitoring devices. As control, finger stick CAPILLARY BLOOD was taken. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and t tests.Results: The patient BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELs ranged from 58 mg/dl to 477 mg/dl and the value of BLOOD samples taken from gingival or finger tip showed a very high intra patient correlation (r = 0.99, P< 0.0001). The results suggested that BLOOD oozig during routine periodontal examination may be used for Diabetes Mellitus screening in a dental office setting.Conclusion: Since there is correlation between SULCULAR GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL and CAPILLARY GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL, we can use this method for screening diabetic patient in dental clinic.

Today, increasing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is an important problem in GLUCOSE developing country’s Health and the BLOOD GLUCOSE monitoring predicts of in sufficient BLOOD GLUCOSE monitoring side effects. The glucometer devices are small and used simply so they are used more than the other methods for home BLOOD GLUCOSE monitoring. As the variety of the glucometer devices are increasing from day to day. In this study, we assess the difference of CAPILLARY GLUCOSE LEVEL and venous GLUCOSE LEVEL measured by three glucometer devices; Glucotrend 2, GlucoMen, GlucoCare. 100 diabetic patients took part in this study. The results of 100 patients study, showed that the venous BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL measured by these devices with compare of standard method were 2.14% in GlucoCare, 5.3% in Glucotrend 2 and 17.1% in GlucoMen more than the standard LEVEL. The GlucoCare and Glucotrend 2, results had no difference with the standard method and the BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELs measured with these two devices were similar. Otherwise the GlucoMen results are more similar to standard method, it has the least confident. The GlucoCare had the least deference of the mean venous GLUCOSE LEVEL with the standard method and the most similarity between the CAPILLARY GLUCOSE LEVEL and venous GLUCOSE LEVEL measured by these devices were seen in Glucotrend 2.

Background and aims: Current diabetes treatments are based on BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL monitoring. However, it is necessary to design another non-invasive reliable diagnostic method. In current study, we aimed to determine the relation between fasting BLOOD sugar (FBS) and fasting salivary GLUCOSE. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 diabetic patients (case) and 30 nondiabetic individuals (control) referred to a military hospital in 2019 were studied. The correlation between FBS and fasting salivary GLUCOSE was evaluated with Pearson test. Results: The mean age of participants in control and case group was 55. 4±, 2. 8 and 63. 7±, 2 years old, respectively. The mean FBS was 100. 5±, 3. 3 and 149. 2±, 3. 8 mg/dL in controls and cases, respectively, which were significantly different from each other (p<0. 001). The mean fasting salivary GLUCOSE in the control group and the case group was 0. 8±, 0. 14 and 1. 59±, 0. 35 mg/dL, respectively, which was significant different in the two groups (p=0. 038). Pearson analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between FBS and fasting salivary GLUCOSE (r=0. 265, p=0. 042). Conclusion: Fasting salivary GLUCOSE can be used as a noninvasive tool to control BLOOD GLUCOSE in diabetics.

Background: Diabetic patients need to detect BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL (BGL) for diagnosis, treatment and flow up. Typically a BLOOD sample for analysis is obtained via intravenous or a finger stick or other such invasive procedures. Often, this procedure cause physical and mental stress to the patient. Thus, it is desirable to use other biologic liquid such as saliva to detect the BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL. The present study attempts to determine the correlation coefficient between BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL and saliva GLUCOSE LEVEL (SGL) in healthy men.Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study. 130 BLOOD and 130 saliva samples were gathered from 10 healthy men in 13 times during a five- day period. Each day samples were taken 3 times, fasting, post parricidal and evening. Samples were analyzed with g1ucose oxidase method.Results: Mean of fasting BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL was 84.9±3.43 mg/dl (58-118 mg/dl). Mean of saliva GLUCOSE LEVEL was 1.22±0.81 mg/dl (0.32- 4.94 mg/dl). Correlation coefficient between BGC and SGL from the 5 days of measurement was 0.23. Correlation coefficient for each day was 0.38 (first day), 0.29 (second day), 0.01 (third day), and 0.37 (fourth day).Conclusion: Unfortunately with this correlation coefficient and limited range of SGL we can not use saliva to detect BGL.

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with higher rates of fetal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Screening of GDM using traditional plasma analysis on venous plasma GLUCOSE is very expensive and time consuming. The aim of the present study was to compare laboratory venous BLOOD GLUCOSE measurement and CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE measurement by glucometer in the screening of gestational diabetes.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 256 pregnant women were screened for GDM, by glucometer on CAPILLARY BLOOD samples and simultaneously, by laboratory plasma analysis method on venous BLOOD samples, obtained after one-hour 50-g GLUCOSE Challenge test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19 software.Results: CAPILLARY GLUCOSE LEVELs were significantly higher than venous plasma GLUCOSE LEVELs. There was a significant correlation between venous and CAPILLARY GLUCOSE LEVELs. A lower threshold of 157mg/dl (area under the ROC curve=.922) with a 88.5% sensitivity and 87% specificity and an upper threshold of 211 mg/dl (area under the ROC curve=.982) with a 91.7% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity, was determined to diagnose GDM in 24-28 weeks pregnant women, using Reservoir Operating Curve. Using kappa agreement coefficient, a 64% agreement was shown between to two tests, in 24-28 weeks pregnant women, which is of great significance.Conclusion: GDM screening by glucometer on CAPILLARY BLOOD samples, is a highly sensitive and specific test to diagnose GDM and significantly reduces the number of further tests needed for the diagnosis of GDM and is cost saving as well.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new coronavirus, was the cause of the most difficult pandemic of the century, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). [1] Due of the pandemic’s high fatality rate and quick spread, an effective vaccination is urgently needed. [1] The literature that is currently available indicates that both vaccines aid in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The greatest concern, though, is with any potential side effects because immunization is new. [2, 3]

Background and Aim: Finding a relationship between the BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL and its concentration in other body fluids such as the saliva can help in developing a conservative method for BLOOD sugar assessment replacing venous sampling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL with salivary GLUCOSE in diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 75 diabetic patients as the case and 75 healthy subjects as the control group. BLOOD and salivary GLUCOSE LEVELs were measured in the two groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation of BLOOD GLUCOSE with salivary GLUCOSE in the two groups.Results: The mean (±SD) BLOOD GLUCOSE and salivary GLUCOSE LEVEL was 247±24.2mg/dl and 1.4±0.2mg/dl in the case group, respectively. These rates were 84.97±15.8 and 1.09±0.12mg/dl in the control group, respectively. Statistical analyses showed a high correlation between BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL and salivary GLUCOSE in diabetic patients (r=0.9); whereas this correlation was insignificant in the healthy control group (r=0.18).Conclusion: This study showed a high correlation between BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL and salivary GLUCOSE in diabetic patients.

Background: Several studies showed that obesity and fat deposition in the tissues along with inflammatory response may induce insulin resistance and finally type II diabetes. Salsalate can inhibit IKKβ and NF-KB inflammatory pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of salsalate as an anti-inflammatory drug in BLOOD GLUCOSE decrement of diabetics.Methods: This was a double blind case - control trial. Sixty newly diagnosed diabetic patients were randomized in the drug and the placebo groups. The drug group used were received 3g Salsalate per day (two 750 mg tablets every 12 hours orally) for one month.Findings: At baseline there was no significant differences between drug group mean fasting plasma GLUCOSE LEVEL (124 mg/dl) and placebo group (127 mg/dl) (P=0.628). Twenty eight patients in drug group and 23 ones in placebo group finished the study. Salsalate had reduced significantly the fasting GLUCOSE in the drug group (20 mg/dl) in comparison to placebo group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that using 3 grams of Salsalate for one month reduces 15.5% of baseline BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL of diabetic cases. These acceptable results may open a new approach in the treatment of diabetes.

Objective: Cataract surgery in patients with no or mild retinopathy may result in minimal complications, a substantial minority of patients with diabetes and advanced retinopathy, including macular edema and a history of previous laser treatment, may require additional considerations when planning cataract surgery.Materials and Methods: Aqueous humor samples were collected from the patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery, clear cornea phacoemulsification with intraocular pcIOL implantation, Aqueous humor samples were collected from the eyes during stub incision Aqueous humor (0. 05-0. 1 ml) was drawn into conventional tuberculine syringes without coming into contact with intraocular structures.Results: BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELs were higher in BLOOD than was detected in aqueous humor Conclusion: The aqueouse humor GLUCOSE concentration closely follow the BLOOD GLUCOSE, both hiper and hipoglycemic states. However is the time delay between the BLOOD and aqueous humor (AH) by an active transport mechanisem that has been designed to supply GLUCOSE to the human lens. However GLUCOSE enters in the posterior chamber (PC) next to the cilijary body and must defuse throughout the anterior chamber.

Background & Aim: Aluminum Phosphide or rice tablet is a solid fumigant pesticide widely used in the Iran especially in north of Iran as a grain preservative. Recent researches show dramatic increase in number of cases and deaths due to aluminum phosphide poisoning in Iran. The aim of this study is evaluation of electrolytes and BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL in this poisoning as a prognostic factor. Materials & Methods: This is a case-control study. Forty-five patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning due to ingestion were studied in Loghman-Hakim hospital poisoning management center from 14 March 2006 to May 2007. Patients were divided to survived and non-survived groups and statistical comparisons were made in various parameters including demographic, electrolytes and BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL. Findings: Between March 2006 and May 2007, 45 patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning of these 21 (47%) were females and 24 (53%) males. The mean ages of cases were 27.29 (+/-11.58) with a range of 14-62. Form all of the cases, 32 were died and 13 were alive. All of them were hospitalized in ICU. The route of exposure to aluminum phosphide was deliberate ingestion in all patients. The mean of Sodium and potassium LEVEL in non-survived were 140.38±1.1 and 3.95 ±0.14. And in survived were 139.69 ±4.9 and 3.86± 0.11. The mean of Bicarbonate LEVEL in on survived was 11.25±0.9 and in survived was 12.3 ±1.08. hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were seen in 17.79% and 4.4% respectively. Hypo and hypernaturemia were seen in 6.6% and 15.5% respectively. The mean of BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL was 222.59±20.18 mg/dL and 143.4 ±13.7 mg/dL in survived and expired groups respectively. Two patients (4.4%) had hypoglycemia and 57.7% of patients had hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Aluminum phosphide can cause either elevation, decrease or no change in electrolytes, bicarbonate and BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL. These factors may have a good role for assessment the severity of poisoning.